Full Container Load is an industry-standard measurement of cargo volume in international trade. It describes a shipping method in which a whole container is set aside for a single customer’s goods. The container is sealed at the shipper’s location and will not be accessed again until it reaches its final destination. FCL shipments have many benefits over LCL shipments, including less handling and a lower risk of damage or loss. Companies shipping in bulk or those concerned about the safety of their packages often opt for this method. The use of FCLs improves the efficiency and ease of transporting goods over great distances.
Key Aspects of FCL
- Exclusive Use: The container is dedicated to one shipper’s goods only and is not shared with shipments from other parties, which distinguishes it from Less-than-Container Load (LCL) shipping.
- Capacity: The container does not need to be physically full to be considered an FCL shipment; the shipper pays a flat rate for the entire container space, regardless of whether every square meter is utilized.
- Security & Handling: FCL shipments offer a lower risk of damage, contamination, or theft because the container is sealed at the origin (e.g., the factory or warehouse) and generally remains sealed until it reaches its final destination, minimizing handling at intermediate points.
- Transit Time: FCL shipments typically have faster transit times compared to LCL because they do not require the additional time for consolidation (combining goods at origin) and deconsolidation (separating goods at destination) processes.
- Cost Efficiency: While the total cost of an FCL shipment is higher than an LCL shipment, it is often more cost-effective on a per-unit or per-volume basis for large shipments (generally over 13-15 cubic meters).
- Ideal for: FCL is best suited for large volumes of goods, high-value cargo, fragile items, or shipments that are time-sensitive or require specific conditions (like refrigeration or handling of hazardous materials).
Common FCL container sizes are 20-foot and 40-foot units, with various specialized options like refrigerated containers or high-cube containers available for specific needs.